Cuidador cuidado: la guía fundamental para mantener su bienestar físico y emocional

Mi padre llevaba dos años recuperándose de las complicaciones de una cirugía de baipás cuando mi madre me sorprendió con una semana de vacaciones en París. No conocía ese lugar y siempre había soñado con ir. Sin embargo, no podía dejar de sentirme culpable por abandonar a mi padre enfermo. Pero mi madre sabía que yo necesitaba un descanso. 

For the better part of my dad’s sickness, if he wasn’t confined to a hospital room, he was living with me. In addition to working a full-time job, I arranged doctor visits, maintained medication lists, handled his finances, cooked for him, and constantly fretted over his physical and mental well-being, sometimes to the detriment of my own. 

Giving more attention to the health of your loved one than yourself is a common occurrence for caregivers, who make up 16% of Americans. Logistically, it makes sense: Caregivers spend an average of 20 hours a week tending to loved ones. “To be the best caretaker for your loved one, you’ve got to give yourself permission to take care of yourself,” explains Andy Lee, Aetna’s chief mindfulness officer, who spent years as a caregiver to his wife.

Aquí hay algunos pasos que puede tomar para preservar su bienestar para que pueda estar presente para los que se necesitan más.

Plan ahead and get organized.

Antes de comenzar con sus tareas como persona encargada del cuidado, es útil organizarse. Decida qué tareas puede realizar usted mismo o divídalas entre las personas de la familia que deseen ayudar. Además, identifique qué recursos adicionales necesitará, especialmente si solo usted se está encargando de todo.Tener un plan concreto puede brindarle tranquilidad, sobre todo cuando surgen nuevos problemas.

Averigüe en su comunidad, en las agencias de cuidado de salud en el hogar y en el plan de seguro para saber qué recursos están disponibles. Si es miembro de Aetna, puede que su plan incluya el programa Resources For Living, que les brinda a usted y a los miembros de su familia acceso las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana, a apoyo emocional y asistencia en la vida diaria sin costo adicional.

If you’re also caring for your own children and an aging family member, read on for more tips about how to balance it all.

Ask for help.

El cuidado de un ser querido puede desgastarlo física y emocionalmente, y es normal que quiera encargarse de todo usted solo. Intentar ser un superhéroe podría provocar agotamiento, y eso no es bueno para nadie. Los expertos recomiendan aceptar los ofrecimientos de ayuda y darles algunas ideas sobre cómo colaborar a aquellos que quieran hacerlo. Quizás note que eliminar tan solo una tarea de su lista puede marcar una gran diferencia cuando se siente abrumado. “Resulta práctico distribuir los recursos”, explica Shara Sosa, terapeuta oncológica y sobreviviente al cáncer que vive en Virginia. “Recuerde que [cuidar a un ser querido] es un maratón, no una carrera de velocidad”.

Asking for help is especially important if your loved one has a chronic condition, like cancer. Learn practical and emotional tips about how to support a loved one with cancer.

Establecer su propio sistema de apoyo emocional.

Es normal que el cuidador experimente distintas emociones, incluida la tristeza, la culpa, la frustración y la ira. Asista a un grupo de apoyo o busque una persona de confianza que pueda entenderlo. Además de poner en común consejos y recursos, podrá contar con alguien si necesita apoyo emocional. Si no desea compartir sus pensamientos, recurra a otras formas de expresarse, como escribir un diario o pintar.

However, there may be times when you’ll need to seek professional help. Stress, anxiety, depression and other mental health conditions are common among caregivers. The Family Caregiving Alliance reports that 40 to 70 percent of caregivers have clinically significant symptoms of depression. Learn more about signs of depression and anxiety.

If you’re experiencing any signs of caregiver distress, such as anger, social withdrawal or depression, talk with someone you trust or a mental health professional. Many Aetna members, for instance, have access to Behavioral Health Televideo Services, which allows people to access help from counselors remotely.

Find time to socialize and relax.

Caring for someone can feel isolating at times. Remember it’s OK to give yourself permission to do the things that you enjoy. You can also find activities to do with your care recipient that don’t revolve around caregiving. Those small moments can raise your spirits and bring the two of you closer together. 

Aunque puede ser difícil, trate de relajarse. Reducir el estrés y la ansiedad le da más energía y capacidad mental para realizar las tareas relacionadas con el cuidado de un ser querido. Disfrute de un masaje o intente usar técnicas de respiración profunda, de visualización o de meditación para ayudar a despejar la mente.

Need to stay close to home? Walk around the block or read a book for pleasure. Even small actions like chewing gum or drinking tea have been shown to reduce stress and improve focus. Check out more tips to reduce stress in 10 minutes.

Maintain your physical well-being.

The physical demands of caring for another adult can also take their toll. About 1 in 10 caregivers say their physical health has declined since taking on the role. Caregivers have a higher risk of developing physical ailments, from acid reflux and headaches to more serious, chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes and arthritis.

Exercising can help. Start small by walking with a friend or signing up for a class at your local gym. If you can’t leave the house, do some gentle stretches or jog up and down the stairs (you’re probably doing it anyway, so just add a few more trips).

No sólo va a estar activo mejorar su salud, sino que también puede mejorar su estado de ánimo. Los estudios demuestran que las personas que hacen ejercicio al menos dos o tres veces a la semana experimentan significativamente menos depresión, ira y el estrés que los que trabajan con menos frecuencia o nada en absoluto. Más información sobre los beneficios de salud mental de ejercicio.

Comer comida sana.

It’s easy to forget to eat healthy when you’re constantly on duty. But without proper nutrition, you’ll feel sluggish or hyperactive. Eating a diet of nutritious food at regular intervals leads to a healthy level of energy with fewer mood fluctuations, an overall happier outlook and an improved ability to focus, says Dr. Gabriela Cora, a board-certified psychiatrist, plant-based nutrition certified physician, and medical director for Aetna Behavioral Health. In fact, studies show that a healthy diet can alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Find out which foods are good for your mood.

If you’re pressed for time, assemble individual servings of nutritious food, such as almonds or cheese and crackers. Prepare several days of meals at once, and leave fresh fruit on the table to make it easier to grab and go.

Get plenty of rest.

You can’t care for someone else effectively if you’re tired. Find a bedtime routine that works for you so you can recharge for the next day. Experts recommend adults get at least seven hours of sleep a night. Here are a few steps you can take to rest well: Evite las comidas pesadas antes de acostarse. Run a warm bath for yourself or read a book. And dim the lights and limit electronic devices late at night because artificial lights can confuse your internal clock. See our sleep guide for more tips.

Self-care is an essential part of ensuring you’ll be there for those who need you most. When I returned from Paris, I was well-rested, upbeat and ready to resume my duties as a caregiver. My dad felt better, too. He knew things were difficult for both of us, and seeing me smile made him happy.